Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Coronary artery disease is caused by damage to the inner lining of the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart, sometimes as early as childhood.  Over time, plaque progressively builds up in the coronary arteries, especially if there is any type of damage to the blood vessels.  CAD can be either obstructive, meaning plaque buildup, or nonobstructive, meaning other problems with the coronary artery such as vasospasms.  Risk factors for CAD include smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes or insulin resistance, lack of physical exercise, unhealthy dieting, a diet high in saturated fats, family history of heart disease, high stress, exposure to air pollution, not getting enough sleep, and having certain underlying medical conditions.  Men and older individuals are at greater risk for CAD.

Symptoms

Coronary artery disease may lead to a heart attack if the coronary arteries are completely blocked or may lead to heart failure over time.  Symptoms of coronary artery disease include…

• Chest pain, pressure, or tightness - may radiate into neck, shoulder, arms, back, or jaw

• Shortness of breath

• Weakness

• Lightheadedness

• Nausea

• Heart palpitations 

• Fast heart rate

• Dizziness

• Sweating

• Fatigue

• Stomach Pains

• Sleep Disturbances